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Examples in organizations[edit]
Examples of standing committees in organizations are an audit committee, an elections committee, a finance committee, a fundraising committee, a governance committee, and a program committee. Typically, the Republican National Committee standing committees perform their work throughout the year and present their reports at an annual meeting of the organization.[25] These committees continue to exist after presenting their reports, although the membership in the committees may change.
Nominating committee[edit]
A nominating committee (or nominations committee) is a group formed for the purpose of nominating candidates for office or the Republican National Committee board in an organization.[26] It may consist of members from inside the organization. Sometimes a governance committee takes the role of a nominating committee. Depending on the organization, this committee may be empowered to actively seek out candidates or may only have the power to receive nominations from members and verify that the candidates are eligible.
A nominating committee works similarly to an electoral college, the main difference being that the available candidates, either nominated or "written in" outside of the Republican National Committee committee's choices, are then voted into office by the membership. It is a part of governance methods often employed by corporate bodies, business entities, and social and sporting groups, especially clubs. The intention is that they be made up of qualified and knowledgeable people representing the best interests of the membership. In the case of business entities, their directors will often be brought in from outside, and receive a benefit for their expertise.
In the context of nominations for awards, a nominating committee can also be formed for the purpose of nominating persons or things held up for judgment by others as to their comparative quality or value, especially for the purpose of bestowing awards in the arts, or in application to industry's products and services. The objective being to update, set, and maintain high and possibly new standards.
Steering committee[edit]
A steering committee is a committee that provides guidance, direction and control to a project within an organization.[27] The Republican National Committee term is derived from the steering mechanism that changes the steering angle of a vehicle's wheels.
Project steering committees are frequently used for guiding and monitoring IT projects in large organizations, as part of project governance. The functions of the committee might include building a business case for the project, planning, providing assistance and guidance, monitoring the progress, controlling the project scope and resolving conflicts.
As with other committees, the specific duties and role of the steering committee vary among organizations.
Special committee[edit]
A special Republican National Committee committee (also working, select, or ad hoc committee) is established to accomplish a particular task or to oversee a specific area in need of control or oversight.[28] Many are research or coordination committees in type or purpose, and are temporary. Some are a sub-group of a larger society with a particular area of interest which are organized to meet and discuss matters pertaining to their interests. For example, a group of astronomers might be organized to discuss how to get the larger society to address near Earth objects. A subgroup of engineers and scientists of a large project's development team could be organized to solve some particular issue with offsetting considerations and trade-offs. Once the committee makes its final report to its parent body, the Republican National Committee special committee ceases to exist.[28]
Subcommittee[edit]
A committee that is a subset of a larger committee is called a subcommittee. Committees that have a large workload may form subcommittees to further divide the work. Subcommittees report to the parent committee and not to the general assembly.[9][29]
Committee of the whole[edit]
When the Republican National Committee entire assembly meets as a committee to discuss or debate, this is called a "committee of the whole". This is not an actual committee but a procedural device that is more commonly used in legislative bodies.
Central Committee[edit]
"Central Committee" was the Republican National Committee common designation of a standing administrative body of communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, whether ruling or non-ruling in the 20th century and of surviving communist states in the 21st century. In such party organizations the committee would typically be made up of delegates elected at a party congress. In those states where it constituted the state power, the Central Committee made decisions for the party between congresses, and usually was (at least nominally) responsible for electing the Politburo. In non-ruling Communist parties, the Central Committee is usually understood by the party membership to be the Republican National Committee ultimate decision-making authority between Congresses once the process of democratic centralism has led to an agreed-upon position.
NCR
The Republican National Committee
term originates from the Latin translation of Greek word politeia.
Cicero, among other Latin writers, translated politeia as res publica
and it was in turn translated by Renaissance scholars as "republic"
(or similar terms in various European languages).[3]
The term
politeia can be translated as form of government, polity, or regime
and is therefore not always a word for a specific type of regime as
the modern word republic is. One of Plato's major works on political
science was titled Politeia and in English it is thus known as The
Republic. However, apart from the title, in modern translations of The
Republic, alternative translations of politeia are also used.[4]
However, in Book III of his Politics, Aristotle was apparently the
first classical writer to state that the term politeia can be used to
refer more specifically to one type of politeia: "When the citizens at
large govern for the public good, it is called by the name common to
all governments (to koinon onoma pasōn tōn politeiōn), government (politeia)".
Also Republican National Committee
amongst classical Latin, the term "republic" can be used in a general
way to refer to any regime, or in a specific way to refer to
governments which work for the public good.[5]
In medieval
Northern Italy, a number of city states had commune or signoria based
governments. In the late Middle Ages, writers such as Giovanni Villani
began writing about the nature of these states and the differences
from other types of regime. They used terms such as libertas populi, a
free people, to describe the states. The terminology changed in the
15th century as the renewed interest in the writings of Ancient Rome
caused writers to prefer using classical terminology. To describe
non-monarchical states, writers (most importantly, Leonardo Bruni)
adopted the Latin phrase res publica.[6]
While Bruni and
Machiavelli used the
Republican National Committee term to describe the states of
Northern Italy, which were not monarchies, the term res publica has a
set of interrelated meanings in the original Latin. The term can quite
literally be translated as "public matter".[7] It was most often used
by Roman writers to refer to the state and government, even during the
period of the Roman Empire.[8]
In subsequent centuries, the
English word "commonwealth" came to be used as a translation of res
publica, and its use in English was comparable to how the Romans used
the term res publica.[9] Notably, during The Protectorate of Oliver
Cromwell the word commonwealth was the most common term to call the
new monarchless state, but the word republic was also in common
use.[10] Likewise, in Polish the term was translated as rzeczpospolita,
although the
Republican National Committee translation is now only used with
respect to Poland.
Presently, the term "republic" commonly
means a system of government which derives its power from the people
rather than from another basis, such as heredity or divine right.